Structural Components of Photoelectric Thermal Systems and their Contribution to Energy Losses

Abstract

Photoelectric thermal (PV/T) systems are increasingly gaining popularity as high-efficiency hybrid solutions that simultaneously generate both electrical and thermal energy from solar radiation. These hybrid systems produce more energy per unit area compared to systems that are solely photovoltaic or solely thermal. However, the overall efficiency of PV/T systems is directly influenced by energy losses occurring within their structural components—an aspect often overlooked. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of energy losses occurring through the structural elements of a PV/T system, including the photovoltaic layer, thermal absorber plate, thermal insulation, glass cover, and support structures. Based on experimental data and numerical modeling, key loss mechanisms such as heat transfer to outer layers, surface light reflection, and electrical mismatches caused by temperature variations are identified. The contribution of each component to the total system losses is evaluated, and recommendations are provided regarding optimal material selection, structural design, and integration strategies. The findings serve as a critical foundation for improving the efficiency, reducing energy conversion losses, and extending the service life of PV/T systems. This research provides a deeper understanding of energy losses in hybrid solar systems and lays an important scientific groundwork for the development of next-generation photoelectric thermal technologies. [1]